Poverty, Inequality, and Conflict: Using Within-Country Variation to Evaluate Competing Hypotheses

Conference Paper

Buhaug, Halvard; Helge Holtermann; Gudrun Østby & Kristian Skrede Gleditsch (2009) Poverty, Inequality, and Conflict: Using Within-Country Variation to Evaluate Competing Hypotheses, presented at 50th Annual Convention of the International Studies Association, New York, NY, 15–18 February.

Numerous studies have demonstrated a negative relationship between civil war and national level per capita income. However, the specific theories or mechanisms that have been offered as
explanations for this relationship vary considerably, and many theoretical arguments offered – ranging from the role of state strength to opportunity costs for potential insurgents – are not
necessarily consistent with one another. Moreover, poverty and inequality are rarely uniformly distributed within countries, and conflicts are often confined to atypical areas of a country that may
not be adequately represented by national level averages or aggregates. We show that findings from existing studies at the country level are ambiguous and lack the ability to distinguish between different income distributions and rival interpretations. We consider propositions on the relationship between poverty, inequality, and conflict at the level of smaller geographical units entail different mechanisms and implications, and explore these hypotheses empirically using geographically disaggregated data on income and conflict.

Authors

Halvard Buhaug

Halvard Buhaug

Research Director

Kristian Skrede Gleditsch

Kristian Skrede Gleditsch

Research Professor

Helge Holtermann

Helge Holtermann

Senior Researcher and Managing Editor, Journal of Peace Research

Gudrun Østby

Gudrun Østby

Research Professor